Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2017 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 7 Articles
The water pollution source localization is of great significance to water environment protection. In this paper, a study on water\npollution source localization is presented. Firstly, the source detection is discussed. Then, the coarse localization methods and\nthe localization methods based on diffusion models are introduced and analyzed, respectively. In addition, the localization method\nbased on the contour is proposed.The detection and localization methods are compared in experiments finally.The results show that\nthe detection method using hypotheses testing is more stable. The performance of the coarse localization algorithm depends on the\nnodes density.The localization based on the diffusion model can yield precise localization results; however, the results are not stable.\nThe localization method based on the contour is better than the other two localization methods when the concentration contours\nare axisymmetric.Thus, in the water pollution source localization, the detection using hypotheses testing is more preferable in the\nsource detection step. If concentration contours are axisymmetric, the localization method based on the contour is the first option.\nAnd, in case the nodes are dense and there is no explicit diffusion model, the coarse localization algorithm can be used, or else the\nlocalization based on diffusion models is a good choice....
Following biological treatment, wastewater continues to have endotoxic active materials. However,\nbecause there is a trend of potable reuse and because endotoxic active materials potentially\nhave harmful effects on human health, their removal from water is crucial. Lipopolysaccharide\nendotoxin has hydrophobic groups, and their removal using a coagulation-flocculation alternative\nis believed to be efficient. Thus, their removal from reclaimed wastewater using the coagulationflocculation\nprocess was assessed. Secondary effluent samples from a wastewater treatment plant\nlocated in Sapporo, Japan, were investigated. It was found that this process gave satisfactory results\nin removing endotoxins, with an optimum removal rate of up to 40.5%. The endotoxin removal\nwas maximized by adjusting the pH at the low range 4 - 5.5, with an aluminum sulfate dose\nof 80 mg/L. Further increases of the coagulant dose did not improve the removal efficiency. DOC\nand turbidity removal were at their optimum at higher pH range 5.5 - 6.5. Thus coagulation and\nflocculation could be considered as the first barrier and should be followed by other treatments to\nsafely reuse reclaimed wastewater....
Discharging wastewater containing heavy metals of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd into water\nbodies can cause toxicity in plants and aquatic animals and some of them will be unable\nto survive except algae. Wastewater treatment method to remove heavy metal\ncontaminants includes chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane, filtration,\nadsorption using activated carbon. However, these methods are either expensive or\nhave other disadvantages such as high energy consumption and inefficiencies when\nexisting heavy metals are at trace concentration. Biosorption using algae biomass can\nbe an alternative method to eliminate heavy metals. The objective of the project is to\ninvestigate the capability of Marine Algae (MA) and Freshwater Algae (FA) biomass\nin adsorbing heavy metals of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd from water medium using synthetic\nwater and industrial water. MA and FA were obtained from the eastern coast of Pulau\nUbin and local fish farm respectively. After being fully washed with deionised\nwater, dried in a furnace for 105Ã?Å¡C, they are grinded to pass 1 mm2 of siever. MA and\nFA were characterised using FTIR to determine their functional groups. An industrial\nwater was collected from industrial discharge from metal factories in northern\nside of Singapore. Effect of adsorption time, adsorbent concentration, and pH were\nstudied. The result showed that FA and MA had a higher capability in adsorbing a\ntotal metal of about 40 ppm level from an industrial water, or 4 times than synthetic\nwater concentration, at the same adsorbent dosage of 50 mg. In conclusion, the\npresence of various functional groups, hydroxyl, carboxylic and amine groups, in all\nMA and FA samples had enabled the algae biomass to adsorb heavy metals of Cu, Pb,\nCd and Zn from synthetic and industrial water. Due to their biosorptive properties\nand fast adsorption capability, algae could be a potential method for cleaning up surface\nwater or post-treatment of wastewater and minimise the cost of eutrophication....
Each water body has an individual pattern of physical and chemical characteristics. Industrial effluents are the major pollutants of the marine environment. The present study focuses attention on the physico-chemical parameters of the effluents from SIPCOT industrial complex, Cuddalore. Temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), nutrients (inorganic phosphate, reactive silicate, nitrite, nitrate) calcium, magnesium, ammonia, sulphide and cyanide were estimated from six industrial effluents for the period of eight months (Oct 2002 to May 2003). This study concludes that the river Uppanar is polluted and the pollution is a result from the discharge of effluents by the companies, factory and materials from other anthropogenic sources....
Landfills have been identified as potential sources of heavy metal pollution of the\nenvironment. The municipal solid waste Ã?Âubna landfill is one of the largest landfills in Poland.\nIts impact on heavy metal pollution (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr) of groundwater, soil and plants has been\nthoroughly evaluated. Elevated levels of contamination have not been recorded in the vicinity of the\nlandfill. The concentrations of heavy metals in soil from the vicinity of the landfill were similar to the\ngeochemical background levels for the forest and farming soils of central Poland. The concentrations\nof heavy metals in European goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea L.) and grasses (Poaceae) did not exceed the\nbaseline concentrations and did not indicate environmental pollution by heavy metals. The levels of\nthe metal concentration in groundwater did not exceed the standards established for water intended\nfor consumption....
In the present study the physical and nuIn the present study the physical and nutrients characteristics of Vellar estuary were studied during May 2014 to\nApril 2015. Four stations were selected based on salinity gradient and the environmental parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, TSS, turbidity and nutrients (nitrite, nitrate, inorganic phosphors, total nitrogen and reactive silicate) were recorded seasonally in the Vellar estuary. The correlation of all the parameters was done to know the interrelationship of the physico-chemical parameters. The maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation values of water temperature was from 27.3 to 35.1, 30.4�±1.79�°C, pH 7.3 to 8.2, 7.7�±0.100, salinity 20.2 to 34, 29.5�±2.5 psu, dissolved oxygen\n5.56 to 8.71, 5.8�±0.35 �¼mg/l, biological oxygen demand 0.8 to 2.8, 1.7�±0.1 ml/l, total suspended solid 60.00 to 176.00, 129.13�±34.35 ppm and turbidity 4.51 to 8.31, 6.6�±0.8 NTU. The higher and lower values of nutrients parameters such as ammonia 0.47 to 1.14, 0.73�±0.095 �¼mo/l, nitrite 0.5 to 1.8, 0.9�±0.13 �¼mol/l, nitrate 3.33 to 5.62, 4.36�±0.20 �¼mol/l, total nitrogen 21.5 to 29.2, 25.1�±0.70 �¼mol/l, inorganic phosphorus 0.0134 to 1.135, 1.27�±0.28 �¼mol/l, total phosphorus 1.0 to 2.1, 1.6�±0.09 �¼mol/l and silicate 17.1 to 72.9, 42.9�±5.81 �¼mol/l fluctuated significantly. The water quality determines the diversity of flora and fauna of an area and therefore regular monitoring of physico-chemical parameters is essential to know the health of an aquatic ecosystem.trients characteristics of Vellar estuary were studied during May 2014 to April 2015. Four stations were selected based on salinity gradient and the environmental parameters such as Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity, pH, TSS, Turbidity and nutrients (Nitrite, Nitrate, Inorganic Phosphors, Total Nitrogen and Reactive Silicate) were recorded seasonally in the Vellar estuary. The correlation of all the parameters was done to know the inter-relationship of the physico-chemical parameters. The maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation values of water temperature was from 27.3 to 35.1, 30.4�±1.79�°C, pH 7.3 to 8.2, 7.7�±0.100, Salinity 20.2 to 34, 29.5�±2.5 psu, Dissolved Oxygen 5.56 to 8.71, 5.8�±0.35 �µmg/l, Biological Oxygen Demand 0.8 to 2.8, 1.7�±0.1 ml/l, Total Suspended Solid 60.00 to 176.00, 129.13�±34.35 ppm and Turbidity 4.51 to 8.31, 6.6�±0.8 NTU. The higher and lower values of nutrients parameters such as Ammonia 0.47 to 1.14, 0.73�±0.095 �µmo/l, Nitrite 0.5 to 1.8, 0.9�±0.13 �µmol/l, Nitrate 3.33 to 5.62, 4.36�±0.20 �µmol/l, Total Nitrogen 21.5 to 29.2, 25.1�±0.70 �µmol/l, Inorganic Phosphorus 0.0134 to 1.135, 1.27�±0.28 �µmol/l, Total Phosphorus 1.0 to 2.1, 1.6�±0.09 �µmol/l and Silicate 17.1 to 72.9, 42.9�±5.81 �µmol/l fluctuated significantly. The water quality determines the diversity of flora and fauna of an area and therefore regular monitoring of physico-chemical parameters is essential to know the health of an aquatic ecosystem....
Background: In this study, a hybrid treatment system (Fluidized Bed positioned in a biological reactor of an\nActivated Sludge process) was used to treat saline domestic wastewater. The performance of the mentioned hybrid\nsystem was compared with the conventional activated sludge. A pilot study was conducted, and Chemical Oxygen\nDemand (COD), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and pH were measured to investigate\ntreatment efficiency. Three saline wastewater samples with salt concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 % and detention\ntimes of 2, 4 and 6 h were loaded into both rectors of hybrid system and activated sludge.\nResults: The results showed that Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removals at salt concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5 %\nwere equal to 80, 71, 48.5 for the hybrid system and 62, 47.7, 26.5 for the activated sludge system respectively.\nLikewise, similar results obtained for other contamination indices indicating the superiority of the hybrid system in\ncomparison to activated sludge system. Moreover, another advantage of the hybrid system was that the activated\nsludge needed sludge returning while sludge returning was not required in the hybrid system. In addition, by\nloading fixed rate of air into both systems, dissolved oxygen concentration in the hybrid reactor is higher than the\nconventional reactor.\nConclusions: Therefore, the hybrid system had a significantly higher efficiency than conventional reactor to treat\nsaline domestic wastewate...
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